2026-08-18T07:29:23Z https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/oai

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/257 2025-04-30T07:37:49Z semeton:ART driver

Trends Analysis Between The Relationship Rice Harvest and Rice Productivity in Nusa Tenggara Province Hamdiah, Yulinda Raudatul Robbaniyyah, Nuzla Af'idatur Harvested area rice productivity crop cutting survey monthly trends This study aims to analyze the monthly trends in rice productivity and harvested area in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province in 2023 and identify the relationship between these two variables. The data used in this research were obtained through a rice crop cutting survey based on the Area Sample Frame (KSA) method conducted by the Central Statistics Agency. Productivity was calculated based on the amount of yield produced per unit area of land each month. The results showed that rice productivity in NTB Province fluctuated, with the highest productivity recorded in January at 56.54 quintals per hectare (ku/ha) and the lowest in June at 48.40 ku/ha. Similarly, the harvested area varied, with the largest area recorded in March at 73,766 hectares and the smallest in December at 5,382 hectares. The analysis of the relationship between harvested area and rice productivity revealed an inverse pattern, where an increase in harvested area was not always accompanied by an increase in productivity. Therefore, rice productivity and harvested area are more influenced by external factors and do not directly affect each other. Program Studi Matematika 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/257 10.29303/semeton.v2i1.257 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April; 1-7 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 1 (2025): April; 1-7 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/257/160 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/262 2025-04-30T07:37:49Z semeton:ART driver

Analisis Submodul dan Sifat Keprimaan dalam Ruang Modul Analisis Submodul dan Sifat Keprimaan dalam Ruang Modul Musyarrofah, Sefti Fajriatul Karang, I Gusti Yogananda Hisan, Khairatun Luzianawati, Luzianawati Prime Submodule Nearly Prime Submodule Free Module Torsion-Free Module Annihilator Free Module Torsion-Free Module Annihilator This study analyzes prime submodules and primality properties in module spaces, fundamental topics in abstract algebra. The primary objective is to determine conditions for prime submodule formation in commutative rings and to examine their relationship with nearly prime submodules. The approach employed involves the decomposition of modules in principal ideal domains, with particular attention given to the concepts of annihilators, submodule orders, and the characteristics of torsion-free quotient modules. The findings indicate that nearly prime submodules can only be regarded as prime submodules in free modules. Furthermore, the module decomposition approach proves effective for gaining a comprehensive understanding of module structures. The concepts of annihilators and submodule orders provide profound insights into the relationships between module elements and ring elements. This study offers significant theoretical contributions to abstract algebra and establishes a foundation for further developments, particularly in applications related to number theory and cryptography. Penelitian ini membahas analisis submodul prima serta sifat keprimaan dalam ruang modul, yang merupakan bagian penting dalam kajian aljabar abstrak. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi kondisi pembentukan submodul prima dalam ring komutatif dan mengeksplorasi hubungannya dengan submodul hampir prima. Pendekatan yang digunakan melibatkan dekomposisi modul dalam domain ideal utama, dengan perhatian khusus pada konsep annihilator, orde submodul, dan karakteristik modul hasil bagi bebas torsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa submodul hampir prima hanya dapat dianggap sebagai submodul prima pada modul bebas. Selain itu, pendekatan dekomposisi modul terbukti efektif dalam memahami struktur modul secara menyeluruh. Konsep annihilator dan orde submodul memberikan pandangan yang mendalam terhadap hubungan antara elemen modul dan elemen ring. Studi ini menawarkan kontribusi teoritis yang penting dalam aljabar abstrak dan memberikan landasan untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut, khususnya dalam aplikasi teori bilangan dan kriptografi. Program Studi Matematika 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/262 10.29303/semeton.v2i1.262 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April; 53-59 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 1 (2025): April; 53-59 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/262/166 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/263 2025-04-30T07:37:49Z semeton:ART driver

Eksplorasi Modul Noetherian Eksplorasi Modul Noetherian Umam, Ashadul Mifftahurrahman, Mifftahurrahman Pratiwi, Lia Fitta Noetherian modules ascending chain condition ring theory homological algebra algebraic topology Modul Noetherian kondisi rantai naik topologi aljabar teori cincin aljabar homologi Noetherian Modules are a fundamental concept in algebra, providing a structured framework for studying algebraic structures. These modules satisfy the ascending chain condition (ACC), which ensures that every ascending chain of submodules terminates after a finite number of steps. This article explores the definition, key properties, and applications of Noetherian modules in ring theory, homological algebra, and algebraic topology. Through this discussion, it is demonstrated that Noetherian Modules play a crucial role in analyzing ideal structures and more complex algebraic representations. The article also provides concrete examples to illustrate the properties and significance of Noetherian modules across various branches of algebra. Modul Noetherian adalah salah satu konsep penting dalam aljabar yang digunakan untuk mempelajari struktur aljabar dengan lebih terorganisir. Modul ini memenuhi kondisi rantai naik (ascending chain condition), yang berarti setiap rantai naik submodul akan berhenti setelah sejumlah langkah tertentu. Artikel ini membahas definisi, sifat-sifat utama, dan aplikasi modul Noetherian dalam teori cincin, aljabar homologi, serta topologi aljabar. Melalui pembahasan ini, diperlihatkan bahwa modul Noetherian memainkan peran penting dalam analisis struktur ideal dan representasi aljabar yang lebih kompleks. Artikel ini juga menyajikan beberapa contoh konkret yang membantu memahami sifat dan peran modul Noetherian dalam berbagai cabang aljabar Program Studi Matematika 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/263 10.29303/semeton.v2i1.263 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April; 42-46 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 1 (2025): April; 42-46 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/263/164 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/267 2025-04-30T07:37:48Z semeton:ART driver

Pengaruh metode pembelajaran project based learning terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa prodi matematika FMIPA Universitas Mataram Ayudia, Nurul Ulya Pradana, Satriawan Juliansyah, Wahyu Ari Pratama, Muhammad Imran Ade Auladi, Muhammad Yuzaul Purnamasari, Nur Asmita project based learning; motivasi belajar; teknik sampling Project-Based Learning Learning Motivation Multiple Linear Regression This study evaluates the impact of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) method on the learning motivation of Mathematics students at FMIPA Universitas Mataram. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of PBL in enhancing learning motivation and to explore the influencing factors, namely Facilities (X₁), Lecturer Role (X₂), and Skill Development (X₃). This research employs a quantitative descriptive method, with a population of 257 Mathematics students from FMIPA Universitas Mataram, covering the 2020–2023 cohorts. The sample is determined using the Stratified Random Sampling method. Data were collected through research instruments that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis (pie charts, bar charts, histograms, and scatter plots) and multiple linear regression to identify the influence of the independent variables (X₁, X₂, X₃) on (Y). The findings indicate that 63.8% of the variation in learning motivation (Y) can be explained by Facilities (X₁), Lecturer Role (X₂), and Skill Development (X₃). Both simultaneous and partial tests confirm that all independent variables contribute significantly to students’ learning motivation. These results suggest that the PBL method is not only effective in enhancing learning motivation but also holds potential as an innovative teaching strategy in higher education. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh metode Project Based Learning (PBL) terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa Matematika di FMIPA Universitas Mataram. Tujuan penelitian adalah menilai dampak Project Based Learning terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa Matematika FMIPA Universitas Mataram. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan evaluasi tentang efektivitas PBL dalam memberikan peningkatan terhadap motivasi belajar dan relevansi pendidikan tinggi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan peneliti pada penelitian ini berupa deskriptif melalui pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini berupa mahasiswa Matematika FMIPA Universitas Mataram dengan total 257, yaitu angkatan 2020-2023 dimana sampelnya ditentukan dengan metode Stratified Random Sampling. Pada tahap pengujian keseluruhan variabel pertanyaan dikatakan valid dan reliabel karena telah memenuhi syarat. Kemudian berdasarkan analisis deskriptif berupa diagram lingkaran, diagram batang, histogram dan scatter plot didapatkan kesimpulan yaitu ada pengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa Matematika FMIPA Universitas Mataram berdasarkan metode pembelajaran Project Based Learning Program Studi Matematika 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/267 10.29303/semeton.v2i1.267 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April; 30-41 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 1 (2025): April; 30-41 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/267/163 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/271 2025-04-30T07:37:48Z semeton:ART driver

Analisis Pola Periodik Harga Saham Coca-Cola Menggunakan Deret Fourier dalam Pendekatan Regresi Nonparametrik Analisis Pola Periodik Harga Saham Coca-Cola Menggunakan Deret Fourier dalam Model Regresi Linear Karang, Gusti Yogananda Hardi, Rida Alkausar Rizki, Miptahul Robbaniyyah, Nuzla Af'idatur Rusadi, Tri Maryono Fourier series stock prices prediction Coca-Cola Deret fourier; harga saham; prediksi; Coca-Cola. This study aims to identify periodic patterns and predict the movement of Coca-Cola (KO) stock prices using Fourier series in a linear regression model. The data utilized includes daily closing stock prices over the 2014-2024 period. A Fourier model with 15 harmonic components was chosen to optimize the balance between prediction accuracy and the risk of overfitting. The analysis results showed an R-squared value of 0.9174, indicating a high capability of capturing stock price variations. The detected price fluctuations reveal significant seasonal cycles and periodic trends. The price forecast for the 2024-2029 period indicates potential higher volatility, influenced by consumer demand dynamics, global economic uncertainty, product innovation, as well as geopolitical factors and climate change. These findings provide insights for investors to develop investment strategies based on the detected stock price fluctuation patterns. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola periodik dan memprediksi pergerakan harga saham Coca-Cola (KO) menggunakan deret Fourier dalam model regresi linear. Data yang digunakan mencakup harga penutupan harian saham selama periode 2014-2024. Model Fourier dengan 15 komponen harmonik dipilih untuk mengoptimalkan keseimbangan antara akurasi prediksi dan risiko overfitting. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model memiliki nilai R-squared sebesar 0,9174, mengindikasikan kemampuan yang tinggi dalam menangkap variasi harga saham. Fluktuasi harga yang terdeteksi menunjukkan adanya siklus musiman dan tren periodik yang signifikan. Prediksi harga untuk periode 2024-2029 menunjukkan potensi volatilitas yang lebih tinggi, dipengaruhi oleh dinamika permintaan konsumen, ketidakpastian ekonomi global, inovasi produk, serta faktor geopolitik dan perubahan iklim. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan bagi investor dalam mengembangkan strategi investasi berdasarkan pola fluktuasi harga saham. Program Studi Matematika 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/271 10.29303/semeton.v2i1.271 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April; 8-16 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 1 (2025): April; 8-16 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/271/161 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/273 2025-04-30T07:37:48Z semeton:ART driver

Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Spon Kasur Menggunakan Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (Ewma) pada UD. Celcius Gegutu Timur Lingking, Fransiska Prisilia Harsyiah, Lisa Sulistyowati, Emmy Dyah Asri, Adis Tia Juli Agil ARL Capability EWMA Mattress Sponge Quality Problems that arise at UD. Celsius, one of the manufacturers of sponge mattress products in the East Gegutu area, said that differences in product weight will cause a decrease in product quality. Consequently, here, quality is of primary concern. Because the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart can detect small average changes, this study aims to examine the quality control of mattress sponge products using this chart. The information used relates to the mass of a mattress sponge product measuring 160×120×25 cm, with four variables, namely X_1,X_2,X_3 and X_4, Quality control in this research uses a weighting factor value of  = 0.4. Based on the research results, the assumption that is not fulfilled is the assumption of data randomness, so that the EWMA control chart pattern formed shows that the data is not statistically controlled. However, there is no data that is out of control, so in this study the Average Run Length (ARL) value of 27,204 indicates that there will be data that is first out of control, namely the 27th or 28th data. And the results of the capability analysis of the process show that the production process is not capable because the values of Cp=0.3432 and Cpk=0.3373 where the values of Cp,Cpk<1, this is due to the influencing factors, namely man, machine, material and method factors. Program Studi Matematika 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/273 10.29303/semeton.v2i1.273 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April; 17-29 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 1 (2025): April; 17-29 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/273/162 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/282 2025-04-30T07:37:47Z semeton:ART driver

Sejarah dan Definisi Klasik Fungsi Konveks Sejarah dan Definisi Klasik Fungsi Konveks Mas'ud, Syamsuddin convexity Jensen’s inequality optimiztion theory konveksitas ketaksamaan Jensen teori optimisasi The concept of convexity is a fundamental pillar in optimization theory and inequality analysis. This article aims to review the history and classical definition of convex functions through a literature-based approach. The literature reviewed includes works by Jensen [1], Rockafellar [2], Boyd & Vandenberghe [3], and Niculescu & Persson [4]. The analysis highlights the connection between the geometric definition of convex functions and Jensen's inequality, which demonstrates the consistency of inequality structures in both deterministic and probabilistic contexts. This study emphasizes that Jensen's inequality not only extends the concept of convex functions in probability theory but also strengthens the understanding of its geometric definition in classical analysis. This article is intended to serve as an introduction for students and researchers wishing to comprehend the foundational structure of convexity in modern mathematical theory. Konsep konveksitas merupakan pilar penting dalam teori optimisasi dan analisis ketaksamaan. Artikel ini bertujuan meninjau sejarah dan definisi klasik fungsi konveks melalui pendekatan kajian pustaka. Literatur yang dikaji meliputi karya Jensen (1906), Rockafellar (1970), Boyd & Vandenberghe (2004), serta Niculescu & Persson (2006). Analisis menyoroti keterkaitan antara definisi geometris fungsi konveks dan ketaksamaan Jensen, yang menunjukkan konsistensi struktur ketaksamaan baik dalam konteks deterministik maupun probabilistik. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa ketaksamaan Jensen tidak hanya memperluas konsep fungsi konveks dalam teori probabilitas, tetapi juga memperkuat pemahaman definisi geometrisnya dalam analisis klasik. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pengantar bagi mahasiswa dan peneliti yang ingin memahami struktur dasar kekonveksan dalam teori matematika modern.   Program Studi Matematika 2025-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/282 10.29303/semeton.v2i1.282 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April; 47-52 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 1 (2025): April; 47-52 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/282/165 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/284 2025-10-28T00:30:24Z semeton:ART driver

Optimisasi Linear dan Kuadratik: Tinjauan Literatur Optimisasi Linear dan Kuadratik: Tinjauan Literatur Mas'ud, Syamsuddin Convex Optimization Linear Optimization Quadratic Optimization Convex Optimization Linear Optimization Quadratic Optimization Convex Optimization plays a crucial role in various scientific and industrial applications, such as economics, engineering, and computer science, with a primary focus on linear and quadratic optimization. This study examines the characteristics and comparison between linear and quadratic optimization, two main subclasses of convex optimization. Linear optimization (LP) is characterized by a linear objective function and linear constraints, where classical methods such as Simplex and Interior-Point are used for efficient solutions. In contrast, quadratic optimization (QP) involves a convex quadratic objective function with linear constraints, requiring more complex methods such as Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) factorization, Schur-Complement, Null-Space, Active-Set, and Interior-Point for solving. This paper summarizes various solution methods for both types of optimizations and compares their strengths and limitations. The key findings indicate that linear optimization is simpler and more efficient, while quadratic optimization offers greater flexibility in modeling problems with more complex structures. The study concludes that a deep understanding of both approaches is essential for the development of more efficient and applicable convex optimization algorithms. Convex Optimization plays a crucial role in various scientific and industrial applications, such as economics, engineering, and computer science, with a primary focus on linear and quadratic optimization. This study examines the characteristics and comparison between linear and quadratic optimization, two main subclasses of convex optimization. Linear optimization (LP) is characterized by a linear objective function and linear constraints, where classical methods such as Simplex and Interior-Point are used for efficient solutions. In contrast, quadratic optimization (QP) involves a convex quadratic objective function with linear constraints, requiring more complex methods such as KKT factorization, Schur-Complement, Null-Space, Active-Set, and Interior-Point for solving. This paper summarizes various solution methods for both types of optimizations and compares their strengths and limitations. The key findings indicate that linear optimization is simpler and more efficient, while quadratic optimization offers greater flexibility in modeling problems with more complex structures. The study concludes that a deep understanding of both approaches is essential for the development of more efficient and applicable convex optimization algorithms. Program Studi Matematika 2025-10-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/284 10.29303/semeton.v2i2.284 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober; 119-125 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Oktober; 119-125 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i2 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/284/179 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/295 2025-06-17T16:18:59Z semeton:ART driver

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Memilih Mahasiswa Gen-Z Universitas Mataram pada Pilgub NTB 2024 Analisis Minat Pemilih Mahasiswa Gen Z di Universitas Mataram Terhadap Pemilihan Gubernur Di NTB Tahun 2024 Amini, Elsa Fauzi, Meilinda Ramdhani, Triana Putri Ulfaturrahmi, Ulfaturrahmi Putri, Dina Eka Baskara, Zulhan Widya Generation Z Gubernatorial Election Political Participation Generasi Z Pemilu Psikologis Sosiologis Rasional This study aims to analyze the determinants of voting behavior among Generation Z students in the context of the 2024 Gubernatorial Election in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), Indonesia. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the research applies multiple linear regression to examine the influence of sociological, psychological, and rational factors on voting behavior. Primary data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 97 purposively selected active students at the University of Mataram. The instrument employed a 4-point Likert scale to minimize neutral responses. The findings reveal that psychological and rational factors significantly influence voting behavior, whereas sociological factors do not show a statistically significant effect. The regression model yielded an Adjusted R² value of 0.549, indicating that the three independent variables explain 54.9% of the variance in voting behavior. Generasi Z (Gen Z) dikenal sebagai generasi "digital natives" yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh teknologi dan media sosial. Sebagai salah satu segmen pemilih strategis, mahasiswa Gen Z di Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) memiliki peran signifikan dalam pemilihan gubernur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan mahasiswa Gen Z, termasuk faktor psikologis, sosiologis, dan rasional. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi berganda, berdasarkan data dari survei daring terhadap 97 mahasiswa Universitas Mataram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor psikologis, seperti emosi dan keterlibatan emosional, serta faktor sosiologis, seperti pengaruh lingkungan sosial, memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan memilih. Sebaliknya, faktor rasional, seperti evaluasi program kerja dan rekam jejak kandidat, tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya kampanye politik yang menyentuh aspek emosional dan sosial untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan politik mahasiswa Gen Z di NTB. Program Studi Matematika 2025-06-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/295 10.29303/semeton.v2i1.295 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April; 60-71 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 1 (2025): April; 60-71 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/295/170 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/299 2025-10-28T00:30:24Z semeton:ART driver

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketergantungan Penggunaan ChatGPT pada Pengerjaan Tugas Mahasiswa Universitas Mataram A Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ketergantungan Penggunaan Chatgpt Pada Pengerjaan Tugas Mahasiswa Universitas Mataram Arbyati, Asri Mustika Apriliana, Baiq Nurul Putri, Devi Karina Aisya, Hakiki Latifa Putri, Dina Eka Baskara, Zulhan Widya ChatGPT Artificial Intelligience (AI) ChatGPT Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) The use of artificial intelligence technology, such as ChatGPT, is increasing among students to support their academic assignments. However, dependence on this technology needs to be analyzed to understand the factors that influence it. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the dependence on the use of ChatGPT in completing assignments of Mataram University students. Sampling was carried out using the quota sampling method, involving 98 respondents who were Mataram University students and ChatGPT users. The method used was multiple linear regression to evaluate the effect of independent variables on dependence, and factor analysis to identify the structure of these variables. Based on the results of the analysis, one main factor was found which was formed from four variables, namely ChatGPT Ease of Use, ChatGPT Reliability, User Satisfaction, and Perceived Benefits. This main factor was able to explain 71.73% of the total data variation, which showed a significant contribution to students' dependence on using ChatGPT. Thus, this study shows that these variables are interrelated and influence the level of students' dependence on ChatGPT in completing academic assignments. Penggunaan teknologi kecerdasan buatan, seperti ChatGPT, semakin meningkat di kalangan mahasiswa untuk mendukung pengerjaan tugas akademik. Namun, ketergantungan terhadap teknologi ini perlu dianalisis untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketergantungan penggunaan ChatGPT pada pengerjaan tugas mahasiswa Universitas Mataram. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode quota sampling, yang melibatkan 98 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa Universitas Mataram dan pengguna ChatGPT. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variabel-variabel independen terhadap ketergantungan, serta analisis faktor untuk mengidentifikasi struktur variabel-variabel tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan satu faktor utama yang terbentuk dari empat variabel, yaitu Kemudahan Penggunaan ChatGPT, Keandalan ChatGPT, Kepuasan Pengguna, dan Persepsi Manfaat. Faktor utama ini mampu menjelaskan 71,73% dari total variasi data, yang menunjukkan kontribusi signifikan terhadap ketergantungan mahasiswa dalam menggunakan ChatGPT. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel tersebut saling berkaitan dan memengaruhi tingkat ketergantungan mahasiswa terhadap ChatGPT dalam menyelesaikan tugas akademik. Program Studi Matematika 2025-10-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/299 10.29303/semeton.v2i2.299 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober; 72-83 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Oktober; 72-83 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i2 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/299/175 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/307 2025-10-28T00:30:24Z semeton:ART driver

Harary Index of the Coprime Graph and Power Graph of the Integer Modulo Group and the Dihedral Group Indeks Harary Graf Koprima dan Graf Pangkat pada Grup Bilangan Bulat Modulo serta Grup Dihedral Luzianawati, Luzianawati Satriyantara, Rio Indeks Harary Graf Koprima Graf Pangkat Grup Modulo Grup Dihedral Harary Index Coprime Graph Power Graph Modulo Group Dihedral Group This study investigates the Harary Index of coprime graphs and power graphs constructed from the integer modulo group and the dihedral group. A coprime graph is defined as a graph whose vertices represent the elements of a group, where two vertices are adjacent if the orders of the corresponding elements are relatively prime. Meanwhile, a power graph is a graph in which two elements are connected whenever one is a power of the other within the group. The Harary Index is employed to measure the topological characteristics of the graph based on the distances between its vertices. The results show that the structure of the generated graphs allows for an explicit computation of the Harary Index, particularly for groups whose orders are prime powers.graphs facilitate the calculation of the Harary Index , especially for groups with prime power order. Penelitian ini mengkaji Indeks Harary dari graf koprima dan graf pangkat pada grup bilangan bulat modulo serta grup dihedral. Indeks Harary digunakan untuk mengukur karakteristik graf berdasarkan jarak antar simpul. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa struktur graf yang terbentuk memungkinkan perhitungan Indeks Harary secara eksplisit, terutama untuk grup dengan orde pangkat prima. Program Studi Matematika 2025-10-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/307 10.29303/semeton.v2i2.307 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober; 126-133 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Oktober; 126-133 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i2 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/307/180 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/308 2026-05-15T05:47:31Z semeton:ART driver

Indeks Szeged dari Berbagai Representasi Graf dari Grup Bilangan Bulat Modulo: Szeged Index of Various Graph Representations of the Modulo Integer Group Indeks Szeged dari Berbagai Representasi Graf dari Grup Bilangan Bulat Modulo : Szeged Index of Various Graph Representations of the Modulo Integer Group Qalbi D, Muthahira Maulana, Fariz indeks Szeged graf pangkat graf koprima prima graf non koprima grup modulo The Szeged index is a topological index used to analyze graph structures based on vertex distances. This article reviews the application of the Szeged index on three types of graphs constructed from modular integer groups, namely power graphs, non-coprime graphs, and prime coprime graphs. Each graph has a different connection rule, resulting in variations in the Szeged index values. This study aims to compare the results across the graph types and examine how the group structure influences the index values. The Szeged index is a topological index used to analyze graph structures based on vertex distances. This article reviews the application of the Szeged index on three types of graphs constructed from modular integer groups, namely power graphs, non-coprime graphs, and prime coprime graphs. Each graph has a different connection rule, resulting in variations in the Szeged index values. This study aims to compare the results across the graph types and examine how the group structure influences the index values. Program Studi Matematika 2026-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/308 10.29303/semeton.v3i1.308 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April; 1-6 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 3 No 1 (2026): April; 1-6 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v3i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/308/196 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/314 2025-10-28T00:30:24Z semeton:ART driver

Peramalan Produksi Kedelai di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat menggunakan Model Grey-Markov (1,1) Nurmaulia, Ananda Rizantia Harsyiah, Lisa Purnamasari, Nur Asmita Jurniati, Jurniati Grey-Markov model (1,1) West Nusa Tenggara Forecasting Soybean production The continuously increasing soybean imports are caused by the imblance in domestic soybean produstion. This indicates that nationalsoybean self-sufficiensy has not yet been achieved, as many soybean farmlands have now been converted to other commodities. This condition occurs in West Nusa Tenggara, Which is one of Indonesia’s nationalsoybean production centers. To understand future soybean production conditions, forecasting future soybean production in West Nusa Tenggara province using the grey_markov (1, 1) model. This model only requires minimal data for forecasting, which aligns with the limites research data available. The data used in this study is soybean production data from West Nusa Tenggara province. The research results show that in 2022, soybean production in West Nusa Tenggara province will decline, with the prediction demonstrating good accuracy as indicated by a MAPE value of 15.75%. Program Studi Matematika 2025-10-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/314 10.29303/semeton.v2i2.314 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober; 84-96 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Oktober; 84-96 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i2 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/314/176 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/317 2025-10-28T00:30:24Z semeton:ART driver

Analysis of Changes in Agricultural Land Area in Central Lombok Regency Using Google Earth Engine Ulatalita, Nabila Anzela Fatanaya, Nafika Ulfa, Kurnia Robbaniyyah, Nuzla Af'idatur Alfian, Muhammad Rijal Google Earth Engine Kappa Accuracy Agriculture Overall Accuracy Agricultural land plays a vital role in supporting food security and the regional economy; however, rapid development often leads to land-use conversion. This study aims to analyze changes in agricultural land in Central Lombok Regency over the past ten years (2014–2023) using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The research utilized Landsat satellite imagery to classify land cover types and identify agricultural areas through supervised classification and change detection techniques. The analysis results show a significant decline in agricultural land area, from 29% in 2014 to 26% in 2023. This decrease indicates a conversion of agricultural land to other more economically profitable uses, such as infrastructure development and plantation expansion. The accuracy assessment yielded an overall accuracy of 99%, which is categorized as very good, demonstrating the reliability of the model in mapping land-use changes. The findings of this study are expected to provide useful insights for policymakers in promoting sustainable land-use planning and mitigating the negative impacts of land conversion on the agricultural sector in Central Lombok Regency. Program Studi Matematika 2025-10-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/317 10.29303/semeton.v2i2.317 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober; 97-109 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Oktober; 97-109 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i2 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/317/177 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/318 2025-10-28T00:30:24Z semeton:ART driver

Optimasi Keuntungan Pertanian Melalui Program Linear: Studi Kasus pada Pertanian Padi dan Jagung Cahyani, Ade Indah Meida, Inka Nurul Hasanah, Iswatun Alfian, Muhammad Rijal Maharani, Andika Ellena Saufika Hakim Linear Programming Profit Optimization Land Allocation Rice Farming Corn Farming  Indonesia is an agrarian country with great potential in the agricultural sector, particularly in key commodities such as rice and corn, which play an important role in food security and animal feed. However, limited resources such as land, fertilizer, and labor pose challenges in achieving production efficiency and maximum profits. This study aims to optimize agricultural land allocation to maximize profits using a linear programming model. The case study was conducted on agricultural land owned by a resident of Bajo Village, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Primary data was collected through direct interviews, including land area, input requirements (fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides, and labor), and profit per hectare. The model was solved using the graphical method with the assistance of POM-QM for Windows and Google Colab application. The analysis results indicate that the optimal land allocation is 3.65 hectares for rice and 2.54 hectares for corn, yielding a maximum profit of Rp58.906.350,00. This solution meets all available resource constraints. These findings indicate that the linear programming approach is effective in helping farmers make data-driven decisions to improve land and resource management efficiency. The application of this model also opens opportunities for the implementation of similar methods in other sustainable agricultural planning, particularly in the context of small-scale agriculture with limited resources. Program Studi Matematika 2025-10-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/318 10.29303/semeton.v2i2.318 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober; 142-152 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Oktober; 142-152 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i2 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/318/182 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/319 2025-10-28T00:30:24Z semeton:ART driver

Application of Google Earth Engine for Agriculture Drought Monitoring in East Lombok Robbaniyyah, Nuzla Af'idatur Hidayatunnisa, Nurul Maharani, Rani Ulfa, Kurnia Alfian, Muhammad Rijal Drought Google Earth Engine NDVI NDWI NDDI In tropical regions such as East Lombok Regency, where food production is highly dependent on rainfall, drought poses a major threat to the agricultural sector. This study aims to monitor drought patterns over time using Google Earth Engine (GEE). Vegetation indices, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI), were derived from Landsat 8 satellite imagery. The analysis revealed that during the dry season, particularly in August and September, the southern region—especially Jerowaru Sub-district—experienced severe drought conditions. The western parts, including Sambelia, Pringgabaya, and Suela Sub-districts, were also significantly affected, with the most impacted areas being rain-fed rice fields, corn plantations, and mixed horticultural crops. Temporal trend analysis indicated an increasing drought intensity in the later years of observation. The resulting information can support decision-making in drought risk mitigation and sustainable water resource management. By integrating satellite-based drought assessment with agricultural planning, this approach can strengthen food security and promote adaptive agricultural practices in drought-prone regions such as East Lombok Regency. Program Studi Matematika 2025-10-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/319 10.29303/semeton.v2i2.319 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober; 134-141 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Oktober; 134-141 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i2 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/319/181 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/324 2025-10-28T00:30:24Z semeton:ART driver

Pengendalian Kualitas Produksi Air Minum dalam Kemasan (AMDK) Menggunakan Diagram Kendali MCUSUM dan MEWMA Sari, Kurnia Mahraini Kartika Harsyiah, Lisa Baskara, Zulhan Widya AMDK MCUSUM MEWMA ARL Quality control in the water production process at PT. X is an essential activity to ensure the quality of packaged drinking water (AMDK) is fit for consumption. Therefore, the water quality of PT. X production must always be closely monitored. To guarantee the safety of drinking water, it must meet microbiological, radioactive, Physical, and chemical requirements according to the regulations stipulated in the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation Number 2 of 2023. Quality control is performed using MEWMA and MCUSUM control charts since these control charts can detect shifts in the process mean. The results of applying MCUSUM and MEWMA control charts indicate that the water production quality is statistically out of control. After monitoring, it was found that PH is the most influential variable causing out-of-control situations. An ARL test was conducted to obtain a control chart with the best performance, where a smaller ARL value indicates better sensitivity in detecting shifts in the process mean. The MCUSUM control chart outperforms the MEWMA control chart, with an ARL value of  and parameters  and , compared to ARL MEWMA of with weighting parameter  and . Program Studi Matematika 2025-10-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/324 10.29303/semeton.v2i2.324 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Oktober; 110-118 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Oktober; 110-118 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v2i2 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/324/178 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/366 2026-05-15T05:47:31Z semeton:ART driver

Prediksi Curah Hujan di Kota Bima Menggunakan Algoritma Backpropogation Dengan Optimasi Bee Colony Ahmad, De Siroj Ragil Maulana, Rizki Ali, Mustakim Rusadi, Tri Maryono curah hujan kota bima Backpropagation Algoritma Bee Colony prediksi Prediksi curah hujan merupakan hal penting bagi pemerintah Kota Bima dalam mendukung pembangunan daerah dan mitigasi bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan prediksi curah hujan di Kota Bima menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST) metode Backpropagation yang dioptimasi dengan algoritma Bee Colony. Data yang digunakan adalah data historis curah hujan dari BMKG tahun 2020 hingga 2024. Dalam tahap pra-pemrosesan, teknik Interpolasi Lagrange diterapkan untuk melengkapi data curah hujan yang kosong agar hasil pelatihan lebih optimal. Data tahun 2020-2023 digunakan sebagai data training, sedangkan data tahun 2024 digunakan sebagai data testing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model JST mampu mengenali pola curah hujan dengan baik. Implementasi algoritma Artificial Bee Colony terbukti berhasil mengoptimasi parameter bobot pada JST dan meningkatkan akurasi prediksi dibandingkan dengan metode Backpropagation standar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan penurunan nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) pada data testing, di mana model Backpropagation standar menghasilkan RMSE sebesar 7,90, sementara model yang dioptimasi dengan Bee Colony menghasilkan RMSE yang lebih rendah yaitu 7,80. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan algoritma Bee Colony lebih efektif dalam meminimalkan kesalahan prediksi curah hujan di wilayah Kota Bima. Program Studi Matematika 2026-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/366 10.29303/semeton.v3i1.366 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April; 7-14 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 3 No 1 (2026): April; 7-14 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v3i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/366/195 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/368 2026-05-15T05:47:31Z semeton:ART driver

Analisis Perbandingan Metode Modified Distribution, Improved Zero Point, dan Modified Zero Suffix untuk Meminimalkan Biaya Transportasi Jannah, Rafaatul modified distribution improved zero point modified zero suffix distribusi barang masalah transportasi fuzzy Masalah transportasi fuzzy menangani pasokan, permintaan, dan biaya menggunakan bilangan fuzzy, yang mengkonversi ke nilai crisp melalui Robust Ranking sebelum dioptimalkan dengan metode Modified Distribution (MODI), Improved Zero Point, dan Modified Zero Suffix. Teknik ini dipillih karena memberikan hasil akurat dibandingkan rumus rata-rata biasa, perhitungannya mempertimbangkan seluruh nilai dalam bilangan fuzzy, sehingga informasi menjadi lebih representatif. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menentukan alokasi barang yang meminimalkan total biaya fuzzy sekaligus memenuhi batasan persediaan dan permintaan fuzzy. MODI adalah metode umum yang digunakan untuk menentukan sel kosong penghemat biaya dengan menentukan solusi awal terlebih dahulu, sementara Improved Zero Point memulai langkah alokasi dari biaya tertinggi dari hasil reduksi baris dan kolom, sedangkan Modified Zero Suffix berbasis pencarian nilai suffix untuk penentuan urutan alokasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan metode MODI paling optimal dengan biaya Rp9.099.196 diikuti Modified Zero Suffix Rp9.132.967, lalu Improved Zero Point Rp9.230.083. Hasil ini berhasil memberikan estimasi biaya yang lebih efisien dengan pengurangan biaya menggunakan metode MODI sebesar 6,32%, Improved Zero Point sebesar 4,98%, dan Modified Zero Suffix sebesar 5,98% dibandingkan biaya aktual. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode MODI paling direkomendasikan untuk menyelesaikan masalah transportasi fuzzy dalam upaya meminimalkan total biaya distribusi dengan tetap memenuhi batasan pasokan dan permintaan yang bersifat fuzzy dalam kasus PT. Tamarin Jaya. Program Studi Matematika 2026-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/368 10.29303/semeton.v3i1.368 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April; 15-23 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 3 No 1 (2026): April; 15-23 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v3i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/368/197 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/370 2026-05-15T05:47:31Z semeton:ART driver

Utilization of Landsat 8 Imagery for Analyzing Land Surface Temperature in Sumbawa Regency from 2018 to 2022 Using Google Earth Engine Fauzi, Meilinda Febrianti, Wiwit Amini, Elsa Robbaniyyah, Nuzla Af'idatur land surface temperature Landsat 8 Google Earth Engine Split Window Algorithm Sumbawa Regency This study aims to analyze the land surface temperature in Sumbawa Regency from 2018 to 2022 using Landsat 8 imagery and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The surface temperature data was obtained from the Landsat 8 image collection with a spatial resolution of 1 km and a temporal resolution of 8 days. The Split Window Algorithm was used to calculate the land surface temperature based on thermal infrared data. The analysis process included image acquisition, selection of daytime temperature bands, and conversion of temperature from Kelvin to Celsius. The results showed variations in the average land surface temperature in Sumbawa Regency over the five-year period, with a decreasing temperature trend in certain years, possibly related to climatic factors and the increase in green open spaces. These data can be used to support natural resource management and mitigate the impacts of climate change in the region. This study also emphasizes the importance of utilizing remote sensing technology and cloud computing platforms for efficient and integrated geospatial analysis. Program Studi Matematika 2026-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/370 10.29303/semeton.v3i1.370 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April; 24-32 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 3 No 1 (2026): April; 24-32 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v3i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/370/198 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

oai:ojs.eigen.unram.ac.id:article/374 2026-05-15T05:47:31Z semeton:ART driver

Literature Review: Fixed Point Generalizations of the Banach Contraction Principle in Classical Metric Spaces Mas'ud, Syamsuddin fixed point theory Banach contraction principle metric space generalization implication map The Banach contraction principle (1922) holds a central position in fixed point theory on metric spaces. Over time, various generalizations have emerged to weaken the contraction condition while retaining the guarantee of a fixed point. However, simple reviews that map the logical relationships among these generalizations are still limited, especially in the Indonesian language. This article presents a literature review of six main classes of generalizations of the Banach contraction principle in classical metric spaces, namely Boyd-Wong (1969), Meir-Keeler (1969), Ciric quasi-contraction (1974), Reich (1971), weak -contraction (Berinde, 2004), and orbital contraction (Rus-Hicks-Rhoades). The selection is restricted to single-valued mappings on complete metric spaces. Each class is described by its definition, fixed point theorem, a note on when the condition reduces to the original Banach contraction, and a brief example (or a reference to the original literature for more complex cases). Based on a comparative analysis, an implication table is constructed, showing that the Banach class is the strongest (it implies all other classes), Ciric implies Reich but not conversely, and the Boyd-Wong, Meir-Keeler, weak -contraction, and orbital classes are mutually independent. This review concludes that the visual implication map, the simplified language, and the explicit reduction notes to the Banach case are three main contributions that distinguish it from previous surveys. Five directions for further research are also proposed, including extensions to non-complete metric spaces or to b-metric spaces Program Studi Matematika 2026-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/374 10.29303/semeton.v3i1.374 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April; 34-39 Semeton Mathematics Journal; Vol 3 No 1 (2026): April; 34-39 3062-7737 3063-2137 10.29303/semeton.v3i1 eng https://eigen.unram.ac.id/index.php/semeton/article/view/374/199 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0